INT256

Implements EVM SAR over a two's-complement INT256 word: right shifts with sign-bit fill. Counts at least 256 return -1 for negative x and 0 otherwise. Negative SQL BIGINT counts throw Invalid Input Error: Shift amount must be non-negative. NULL input propagates to NULL.

x * y / z with a 512-bit product: no overflow before division. UINT256 rounds down, INT256 truncates toward zero, unless a rounding mode is given. Errors when z is zero or result does not fit its type. NULL propagates. Native integer arguments fit both forms: cast them to UINT256 or INT256.

Computes one Uniswap v4 SwapMath-compatible price-range step. Negative amount_remaining means exact input; non-negative means exact output. Direction is inferred from current versus target. Hooks, dynamic fee resolution, tick-crossing liquidity changes, multi-word iteration, slippage, routing, and calldata are outside this deterministic helper. The five-argument overload uses Uniswap v4's 1,000,000 fee denominator.

Exact swap across initialized ticks, as the Uniswap v3 and v4 swap loop: each step ends at the next listed tick or the tick-bitmap word edge (256 x tick_spacing), whichever is first, with clmm_swap_step_x96 math; crossing adds liquidity_net moving up, subtracts it moving down. Stops at the amount, price limit or list end; never assumes liquidity past listed ticks. Offline: caller reads state and ticks. No hooks, dynamic fees or protocol fee split. List sorted once per call.

Encodes an ADDRESS, BYTES32, BOOLEAN, or integer as one 32-byte Solidity ABI word. ADDRESS and unsigned integer values are left-padded with zeros. Signed integers are sign-extended in two's-complement form; BOOLEAN uses 0 or 1. BYTES32 values are copied unchanged.

Returns -1 for a negative two's-complement INT256 value, 0 for zero, and 1 for a positive value. NULL input propagates to NULL.

Computes e^(x / 1e18) * 1e18 for an 18-decimal fixed-point (WAD) exponent, with integer arithmetic only. NULL propagates; an exponent outside [-41e18, 130e18] errors. Results equal, digit for digit, those of the LogExpMath library that Balancer V2 and Pendle V2 contracts use, so a query recomputes an on-chain rate exactly. Accuracy: within 1e-17 relative for results of 1e17 or more; a few wei near 1e18 (exp(1e18) is 2718281828459045235); a tiny result keeps few digits (exp(-41e18) is 1, true 1.56).

Human-readable helper for wei balances. Equivalent to format_units(amount, 18). Returns VARCHAR without introducing floating point conversion.

Scales raw EVM integer balances by 10^decimals and returns a VARCHAR string representation. No floating point conversion is introduced. The default decimal scale is 18. INT256 inputs preserve signed values, and trailing fractional zeros are trimmed from the formatted string.

Returns the number of bytes in a BLOB or BLOB-backed EVM value such as ADDRESS, BYTES32, UINT256, or INT256.

Converts INT256/INT512/UINT256/UINT512 to a sortable BLOB for use in ORDER BY. Necessary because Determica's default BLOB ordering doesn't handle signed integers correctly. Use sort_key only inside ORDER BY or comparison-key workflows; it is not a human-readable number conversion, hash, or portable serialization.

Computes ln(x / 1e18) * 1e18 for a positive 18-decimal fixed-point (WAD) value, with integer arithmetic only; arguments in (0.9e18, 1.1e18) use a 36-decimal series. NULL propagates. Results equal, digit for digit, those of the LogExpMath library that Balancer V2 and Pendle V2 contracts use, so a query recomputes an on-chain rate exactly. Accuracy: within 2 wei of the true value, on either side.