Chain reads
Read balances, blocks, transactions, storage, logs, and other EVM state.
- block_at(CLIENT, TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE) Resolves a timestamp to a block boundary through an attached live client. at_or_before selects the highest block number whose timestamp is no later than the target; at_or_after selects the lowest block number whose timestamp is no earlier; closest selects the nearer timestamp. After the current tip timestamp, at_or_before and closest return the tip and at_or_after returns the next block number, tip + 1, which is not mined yet.Scalar
- block_range(CLIENT, DATE) Resolves a UTC day or a pair of instants to a half-open block window [from_block, to_block). Each end is resolved independently with at_or_after: from_block is the first block at or after the start, and to_block is the first block at or after the end, so to_block itself lies outside the window. A DATE supplies UTC midnight at the start of that day and UTC midnight at the start of the next day. An end after the current tip timestamp resolves to tip + 1, so a window that has not ended yet holds every block mined so far.Scalar
- code_at(CLIENT, ADDRESS) Reads an account's runtime bytecode from live RPC state, the exact state identified by a pinned CLIENT, or retained execution state. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not access state.Scalar
- create_access_list(CLIENT, ADDRESS, BYTES, BIGINT) Builds an EIP-2930 access list for a transaction request. Each result row identifies an accessed account or storage slot and includes request status.Table
- get_block(CLIENT) Fetches a block by decimal height, supported block tag, or block hash. The block defaults to latest and include_transactions defaults to false.Table
- get_gas_price(CLIENT) Returns the RPC provider's current legacy gas-price estimate as an exact UINT256 value in Wei.Scalar
- get_logs(CLIENT, ADDRESS, VARCHAR) Reads logs matching emitter, inclusive block bounds, and topic filters. Live clients use eth_getLogs; retained execution clients read stored execution logs.Table
- get_transaction(CLIENT, BYTES32) Fetches a transaction by hash, then makes a separate receipt request for receipt metadata.Table
- get_transaction_logs(CLIENT, BYTES32, VARCHAR) Returns logs from a transaction receipt, optionally filtered by emitter or indexed topics. Supply an event signature or JSON ABI to append typed decoded fields.Table
- latest_block(CLIENT) Returns the latest block number reported by the RPC provider. Because the chain head moves, persist the result before using it as a reproducible boundary.Scalar
- native_balance(CLIENT, ADDRESS) Returns an address's native-token balance as exact Wei in live, pinned, or retained execution state. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not access state.Scalar
- nonce(CLIENT, ADDRESS) Returns an address's transaction count in live, pinned, or retained execution state. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not access state.Scalar
- raw_call(CLIENT, ADDRESS, BYTES) Executes an isolated EVM call and returns the raw response bytes. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not execute the call.Scalar
- read_contract(CLIENT, ADDRESS, JSON, VARCHAR, ...args) Calls a contract function against live, pinned, or retained execution state and returns a typed SQL value. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not execute the call.Scalar
- read_contract_at(CLIENT, ADDRESS, JSON, VARCHAR, BIGINT, ...args) Calls a contract function at an explicit block number and returns ABI-decoded SQL values.Scalar
- read_contract_multicall(TABLE) Executes a table of encoded contract reads through Multicall3 and returns one diagnostic row per input call. Results separately report batch execution and target-call success.Table
- storage_at(CLIENT, ADDRESS, BYTES32) Returns one raw 32-byte storage word for a contract and BYTES32 slot in live, pinned, or retained execution state. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not access state.Scalar
- try_native_balance(CLIENT, ADDRESS, BIGINT) Returns an address's native-token balance as exact Wei at an explicit block, as native_balance does. A balance read cannot revert, so a failed read raises here too.Scalar
- try_read_contract_at(CLIENT, ADDRESS, JSON, VARCHAR, BIGINT, ...args) Calls a contract function at an explicit block number like read_contract_at; a revert, an address without code or an undecodable return gives NULL instead of an error. A transport, rate-limit or archive failure raises.Scalar