# Chain reads

Chain reads functions with exact signatures, examples, and catalog metadata.

Canonical HTML: <https://determica.com/docs/category/chain-reads>

Read balances, blocks, transactions, storage, logs, and other EVM state.

- [block_at](/docs/functions/block_at.md) — Resolves a timestamp to a block boundary through an attached live client. at_or_before selects the highest block number whose timestamp is no later than the target; at_or_after selects the lowest block number whose timestamp is no earlier; closest selects the nearer timestamp.
- [block_range](/docs/functions/block_range.md) — Resolves the start and end independently with at_or_after and returns [from_block, to_block). A DATE supplies UTC midnight at the start of that day and UTC midnight at the start of the next day.
- [code_at](/docs/functions/code_at.md) — Reads an account's runtime bytecode from live RPC state, the exact state identified by a pinned CLIENT, or retained execution state. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not access state.
- [create_access_list](/docs/functions/create_access_list.md) — Builds an EIP-2930 access list for a transaction request. Each result row identifies an accessed account or storage slot and includes request status.
- [get_block](/docs/functions/get_block.md) — Fetches a block by decimal height, supported block tag, or block hash. The block defaults to latest and include_transactions defaults to false.
- [get_gas_price](/docs/functions/get_gas_price.md) — Returns the RPC provider's current legacy gas-price estimate as an exact UINT256 value in Wei.
- [get_logs](/docs/functions/get_logs.md) — Reads logs matching emitter, inclusive block bounds, and topic filters. Live clients use eth_getLogs; retained execution clients read stored execution logs.
- [get_transaction](/docs/functions/get_transaction.md) — Fetches a transaction by hash, then makes a separate receipt request for receipt metadata.
- [get_transaction_logs](/docs/functions/get_transaction_logs.md) — Returns logs from a transaction receipt, optionally filtered by emitter or indexed topics. Supply an event signature or JSON ABI to append typed decoded fields.
- [latest_block](/docs/functions/latest_block.md) — Returns the latest block number reported by the RPC provider. Because the chain head moves, persist the result before using it as a reproducible boundary.
- [native_balance](/docs/functions/native_balance.md) — Returns an address's native-token balance as exact Wei in live, pinned, or retained execution state. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not access state.
- [nonce](/docs/functions/nonce.md) — Returns an address's transaction count in live, pinned, or retained execution state. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not access state.
- [raw_call](/docs/functions/raw_call.md) — Executes an isolated EVM call and returns the raw response bytes. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not execute the call.
- [read_contract](/docs/functions/read_contract.md) — Calls a contract function against live, pinned, or retained execution state and returns a typed SQL value. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not execute the call.
- [read_contract_at](/docs/functions/read_contract_at.md) — Calls a contract function at an explicit block number and returns ABI-decoded SQL values.
- [read_contract_multicall](/docs/functions/read_contract_multicall.md) — Executes a table of encoded contract reads through Multicall3 and returns one diagnostic row per input call. Results separately report batch execution and target-call success.
- [storage_at](/docs/functions/storage_at.md) — Returns one raw 32-byte storage word for a contract and BYTES32 slot in live, pinned, or retained execution state. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not access state.