# READ

State lookup or isolated EVM call specification evaluated by an OBSERVATION.

Canonical HTML: <https://determica.com/docs/types/read>

- Family: Logical
- Physical type: JSON

State lookup or isolated EVM call specification evaluated by an OBSERVATION.

## Used by functions

### Accepted as input

- [observe](/docs/functions/observe.md) — Schedules one keyed READ at both the pre and terminal execution checkpoints.
- [observe_after_step](/docs/functions/observe_after_step.md) — Schedules one keyed READ at the checkpoint after a zero-based PROGRAM step.

### Returned as output

- [code_at](/docs/functions/code_at.md) — Reads an account's runtime bytecode from live RPC state, the exact state identified by a pinned CLIENT, or retained execution state. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not access state.
- [native_balance](/docs/functions/native_balance.md) — Returns an address's native-token balance as exact Wei in live, pinned, or retained execution state. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not access state.
- [nonce](/docs/functions/nonce.md) — Returns an address's transaction count in live, pinned, or retained execution state. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not access state.
- [raw_call](/docs/functions/raw_call.md) — Executes an isolated EVM call and returns the raw response bytes. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not execute the call.
- [read_contract](/docs/functions/read_contract.md) — Calls a contract function against live, pinned, or retained execution state and returns a typed SQL value. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not execute the call.
- [storage_at](/docs/functions/storage_at.md) — Returns one raw 32-byte storage word for a contract and BYTES32 slot in live, pinned, or retained execution state. Without a CLIENT, it builds a reusable READ and does not access state.